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Roberto Nevilis, an Italian teacher, was thought to have established homework in 1905 to help his students study outside of school. We'll discover that homework is far older. Ancient civilizations had homework, which presumably had no name. Consider Greece, Rome, and Egypt. Over time, schools standardized homework. This happened organically as formal education developed. Discover who invented homework, when, and if it was a single individual or a group in this article. Finish this article to find out.
Roberto Nevelis of Venice, Italy, is credited with creating homework. This device was invented in 1095 or 1905, depending on reports. Asking when homework was invented may be impossible. What is homework? is a simpler question—homework is defined as work outside of official education, maybe as old as humanity. If most individuals learned crafts and skills outside of class, doing them outside of class may have become homework. The following individuals have been credited with formalizing homework during the past few millennia.
Internet rumors say Roberto Nevilis invented school assignments in 1905. Who was he? Venice-based Italian schoolteacher. He wanted to discipline and inspire his poor students. Unfortunately, online reports that Roberto invented homework are unsubstantiated. The concept of homework predates Roberto and cannot be attributed to a single invention. Many ideas come from many parts of the world concurrently or at similar dates, making it challenging to trace who invented an idea.
The internet claims another criminal lived a millennium before Roberto Nevilis. Roman oratory master Pliny the Younger lived in the first century AD. Some believe he required his students to practice their oratory talents at home, which may be considered the earliest form of homework. It is unclear if homework was initially assigned, as requiring students to practice outside class has likely existed for millennia.
We must discuss Horace Mann to determine who originated modern homework and why. New German state movements impacted 19th-century American educator and politician Horace Mann. He is credited with introducing significant educational change in the United States and is considered the founder of contemporary homework. Johann Gottlieb Fichte, the father of German nationalism, profoundly influenced him. After Napoleon's defeat and Prussia's independence in 1814, citizens returned to their lives without national pride or German identity. Johann Gottlieb Fichte proposed Volkschule, a government-mandated 9-year school, to address this. While homework was already in place in Germany, it became a requirement at Volkschule. Fichte wanted to illustrate centralized authority's positive effects and power, and homework was a method. The desire to instill patriotism in citizens led to the gradual spread of schooling and homework across Europe. Horace Mann saw the system in action in Prussia in the 1840s and transferred many of its ideas, including homework, to America.
The purposes of homework have changed over time to mirror educational aspirations. After reviewing its history, let's examine the "why." The creators of homework saw its benefits. Consider these:
The creators of school and homework knew its benefits and long-term impact on students' cognitive abilities.
By 1900, homework was common in American schools thanks to Horace Mann, but kids and parents didn't like it.
The first state to outlaw homework was California in 1901. Since homework entered the American educational system, some have opposed it for unanticipated reasons. Previously, children were expected to assist with farm work and family businesses, making schoolwork unpopular among parents. Many kids dropped out early because homework was tiresome and demanding. Newspapers like Ladies' Home Journal and The New York Times reported on the negative impact of schoolwork on children's health.
In the early 1900s, homework became more widespread in the US. Who made schoolwork required is unknown, but its mainstreaming was helpful. In 1930, child labor rules were established. It prevented youngsters from being exploited for labor and ensured their education.
Research into education, psychology, and memory showed the value of schooling. Homework became more useful and engaging as students recognized its importance. Due to competition with the Soviet Union, homework during the Cold War influenced American politics and life. Science and technology were crucial post-nuclear. The administration considered well-educated students necessary to compete with Soviet education systems. This was when homework became formalized, recognized, and essential to American schooling.
The National Commission on Excellence in Education released Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform in 1983, highlighting America's terrible state of education. In 1986, during the Cold War, the government published “What Works” to promote homework.
Homework has remained fundamental to school since the Cold War ended in 1991, like it or not. Who invented homework, and when? While tracing its origins, we found numerous historical figures have contributed to its creation. Horace Mann is credited for introducing homework in the U.S. Reframe our perspective. Let's question why homework is beneficial rather than who invented it. Consider the pros and cons:
Pros:
